Abstract
Hydrogen is superior to other hydrocarbon fuels because it is energy efficient, recyclable, and considered as a green energy. Using hydrogen as a fuel for direct combustion or as a fuel in a fuel cell can form water as a by-product. In this section, we are committed to discussing the technical means of extracting biohydrogen from municipal solid waste, food waste, agricultural surplus waste, animal-generated waste, and various organic waste components of wastewater. The methods of producing hydrogen from waste include dark fermentation, light fermentation, dark light, and biological hydrogen production. The different biological hydrogen production methods are analyzed from raw material cost, equipment operation cost, and case study. Then, the environmental benefits of hydrogen production from waste biomass are analyzed, and the economic benefits of waste are analyzed from the aspects of total capital cost, annual production cost, annual profitability, and sensitivity analysis.
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