Abstract
This chapter discusses all the biological hydrogen production processes such as indirect and direct water biophotolysis, biological water gas shift, photo and dark fermentation and hydrogen production through microbial electrolysis cells. Dark fermentation or fermentative hydrogen production is focused on this chapter, since it is considered as the most promising compared to all biological hydrogen production methods. However, there are significant remaining barriers to practical application. The chapter includes the limitations of each process and suggests several methods that are aimed at overcoming these barriers.
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