Chapter 6 - Biological Properties of a Partially Purified Component of Neem Oil: An Updated and Revised Work

Abstract

Neem oil is obtained from the tree Azadirachta indica, with the seeds being the principal source of oil. This is a complex natural mixture of terpenoids, limonoids, and volatile sulfur-modified compounds. The bioactivity of a partially purified methanol extract (MEx) was assessed in our laboratory. Results were extensively discussed in a former edition of this book. Cytotoxicity, potential antitumor activity was evaluated on two cell populations and results suggested a differential sensitivity of these two cell types with the tumor line exhibiting a higher sensitivity to MEx. Also, administration of MEx resulted in a drastic reduction of viral DNA synthesis. These two activities were related to fluidifying action of MEx on the cell membrane, which is seemingly the toxic target. Due to the lack of substantial novel achievements in the use of whole neem oil or its partially purified components, the applications in human therapy and/or advanced medicine or veterinary treatments remain a matter of debate. However, neem derivatives find numerous usages as pest controlling and in limited veterinary applications.