Abstract
The oral cavity is perceived as a “window to the human body.” Diagnosis of diseases based on the evaluation of intraoral structures such as the tongue, oral mucosa, and even the teeth have been a common practice of traditional medicine. Evidence-based medicine has reinforced the significance of biomarkers observed in the oral cavity. They aid in detecting not only local diseases such as periodontitis and caries but also certain systemic conditions such as anemia and diabetes. Early signs of toxicity and exposure to drugs and inorganic and/or organic substances can be recognized via a careful examination of the oral cavity. Biomarkers are now widely used as a screening tool, for early diagnosis, disease prognostication, and treatment evaluation. It remains an intriguing field because a universally accepted panel of markers to efficiently diagnose/evaluate a disease is yet to be proposed. Saliva in the oral cavity is emerging as a bearer of innumerable markers and may pave way for a noninvasive and simple investigation for patient assessment. Salivary diagnostics may help translate the knowledge of molecular biomarkers to the clinical setting.
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