Abstract
Certification and quarantine programs are the mainstay for protection against virus diseases and other graft-transmissible diseases. Protection against these diseases can be complicated if the virus has vectors or other means of spread. Quarantine programs allow for avoidance or exclusion of pathogens to prevent the introduction or spread to adjoining areas if the pathogen is introduced. Certification programs, with the concurrent quarantine and clean stock programs, especially in clonally propagated crops, provide a method to safely import germplasm, clean the germplasm from graft-transmissible pathogens, recover local germplasm that are graft-transmissible pathogens and pathogen-tested, and to make the pathogen-tested germplasm available to be used by commercial industries. Quarantine programs are discussed. A case study of a failed quarantine program in Florida to eradicate citrus canker is presented, and the lessons learned from this program are discussed.
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