Chapter 5 - Strategy to support renewable energy sources in Europe

Abstract

The European Union (EU) has undertaken a thorough reform of its energy model. Current EU 2050 climate commitment sets an 80%–95% greenhouse gas reduction goal. To reach this goal, the EU must make continued progress toward a low-carbon society. Renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs) play an important role in a gradual transition. The power grid faces a challenging future due to intermittency and the nondispatchable nature of wind and solar energy production, but flexibility needs can migrate from generation to load, with the expansion of demand-side resources and storage technologies. A novel grid technique is presented and evaluated in this chapter for the optimal integrated operation of renewable resources and EVs to increase penetration of renewable energy. It is proposed a distributed control system to manage a charge and discharge strategy to support mismatching between load and renewable generation through vehicle to Grid technology. Demand response, peak saving, and ancillary services are introduced to keep a reliable power quality, stable frequency, and flatten load profile.