Abstract

Biomarkers are important tools for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the progression of a disease and drug development. Potential molecular biomarkers are comprised of DNA methylation patterns, single nucleotide polymorphisms, microRNAs, metabolites, and proteins. Their specificities and informative characteristics regarding current condition make proteins effective candidates in biomarker discovery research. This chapter introduces the workflow of proteomic-based biomarker discovery studies. It starts by explaining the general strategy in designing a biomarker discovery study, and then presenting the main methodologies for proteomic-based biomarker discovery research, by describing the mass-spectrometry based proteome profiling, antibody-based proteomics approaches, data-dependent acquisition, and data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry methodologies. In this chapter, critical aspects of the current state of proteomic-based biomarkers, the advantages of proteomic-based biomarkers, and the clinical biomarkers discovered by proteomic approaches are highlighted.

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