Abstract
Humans and animals are exposed to toxins via dermal, inhalation and ingestion modes. For bulk particles (>500nm), lipophilicity and the dose in terms of mass per unit body weight (e.g., mg/kg) determine their toxicity. For nanoparticles (<100nm), size, shape, dose in terms of diameter, reactivity and mass, surface functionalization, aggregation, and protein corona determine their physicochemical properties and toxicity. The dose in terms of mass per unit body weight may not determine nanoparticle toxicity. The goals of this chapter are to discuss the principles of nanoparticle toxicity, including bioavailability and biodistribution. The similarities and differences between nanoparticle and bulk particle toxicity are also discussed. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics are discussed in Chapter 6 and mechanisms of toxicology are discussed in Chapter 7.
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