Abstract
Nozzle characteristics and the simplifying assumptions used in their analysis are introduced. The effects of friction and heat release are treated and the properties of isentropic flow in nozzles in which only the cross-sectional area changes are covered in detail. Calculation of the mass flow in such nozzles and the conditions for maximum mass flow are presented. Nozzle operation as controlled by the nozzle pressure ratio, including the presence of shocks, is discussed. Two-dimensional considerations in nozzle flows and illustrative cases of overexpanded nozzles and underexpanded nozzles are presented. The use of afterburning for increased thrust is covered and different nozzle configurations for subsonic and supersonic flight are discussed. Thrust-vectoring nozzles and practical nozzle losses are considered.
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