Abstract
Liver enzymes are elevated in individuals who consume excessive amounts of alcohol because alcohol has a direct toxic effect on the liver. Alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase are found inside hepatocytes and are released when the liver is damaged. Alkaline phosphatase, another enzyme found in the cell lining of the biliary duct of the liver, is also elevated during liver injury, but it may not be significantly elevated after heavy alcohol consumption. γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is another marker of liver injury, and this enzyme is also elevated in people who consume alcohol. Of all liver enzymes, GGT is considered to be the most sensitive biomarker of alcohol consumption. The limitations of liver enzymes as biomarkers are discussed.
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