Abstract
Personality disorders (PDs) are a class of 10 mental disorders in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition. According to different models, a dimensional approach is also assessed by questionnaires, the Eysenck personality questionnaire, the tridimensional personality questionnaire, the five-factor model (NEO-PI-R), and the temperamental and character inventory of Cloninger. Epidemiological genetic showed a high heritability of the personality traits and disorders, supporting their genetic predispositions. Candidate gene and genomic association studies have found associations between PDs and genes involved in neurogenesis, neuronal and glial growth and protection, myelination, synaptic plasticity, long-term memory, stress reactivity, neurotransmission (monoaminergic notably), and cell adhesion. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that genes and environmental factors, mainly stressful life events during childhood, interplay to predispose and trigger the PDs. Further investigations in genetics and epigenetics will reveal biological pathways altered in PDs that have to be screened in precision medicine to propose adapted treatments to prevent, reduce, and cure PDs.
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