Abstract
A number of fluorohydrogenate ionic liquids combined with organic onium cations have been reported till now. Their prominent features are low viscosity and high ionic conductivity regardless of cationic structures. This chapter describes the synthesis as well as the physical, chemical, and structural characteristics of fluorohydrogenate ionic liquids. Their electrochemical behavior and applications as electrolytes in electrochemical devices are also summarized. Fluorohydrogenate salts give interesting mesophase materials, ionic liquid crystals, and plastic crystals. Fluorohydrogenate ionic liquid crystals are formed by introducing onium cations with long alkyl chains and have smectic A structures with high anisotropy in ionic conductivity. Introduction of relatively spherical onium cations results in the formation of flexible fluorohydrogenate ionic plastic crystals with high ionic conductivities.
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