Abstract
Biomass-based materials have been widely used in pollution remediation, agricultural environmental protection, and other fields as a new environment-friendly functional substance. In this chapter, we compared the effect of manure on heavy metal-contaminated soil with its biochar. Direct soil zymography was used to visualize the spatial distribution of enzyme activities on the soil profile. Furthermore, three types of novel biomass-based materials (calcium-based magnetic biochar, green tea biochar supported with nZVI, and biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer) were synthesized and characterized. Their impacts on microbial community, stabilization of various heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cu etc.), plant growth, and distribution of enzyme activities were investigated. In conclusion, promising remediating effect of these biomass-based materials was confirmed by alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals or enhancing their immobilization efficiency.
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