Abstract
Fractographic analysis is a useful tool for finding fracture origins that is necessary for improving the reliability of ceramic restorations. The general analysis begins with the determination of fracture patterns and origins. The crack propagation markings found by examination of fracture surfaces allow one to follow crack paths and to trace back to an origin, including fracture mirror, hackle, Wallner line, arrest line, and compression curl. This method is introduced and applied to define the origins of common clinical failures of ceramic dental prostheses. They are classified as several major types, namely, cracking initiated at the margin or at occlusal contacts, and porcelain chipping or delamination. The fracture origin is always found near the spot where the highest tensile stress concentration accumulates, and/or microscopic defects or flaws are located nearby. The fracture of ceramic dental restorations may initiate at micro-defects in the porcelain or ceramic body that are introduced during the materials fabrication process or after clinical adjustment.
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