Abstract
Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is a rare condition and potentially life-threatening endocrine emergency that can be associated with a high mortality rate in certain patients. In many cases, a predisposing factor to suppurative thyroiditis (e.g., immunocompromised state or pyriform sinus fistula) is identified. A wide spectrum of microbial pathogens has been reported in patients with suppurative thyroiditis. Most patients present with neck swelling, redness, warmth, tenderness, and fever. Ultrasound, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and subsequent cytology/culture are the best diagnostic methods in patients with suspected AST. Treatment of AST includes hospitalization in a monitored setting, antimicrobial treatment, surgical procedure including excision or drainage of abscess, thyroidectomy when there is evidence of persistent or progressive thyroidal infection despite abscess drainage, and medical therapy.
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