Abstract
Despite the actual therapeutic armamentarium, hypertension remains largely uncontrolled in the population, opening the way for less conventional therapies like immunization or even gene modulation. On top of the counteracting escape mechanisms that nowadays combinations of antihypertensive drugs can eliminate, barriers like poor adherence and insufficient access to medication could be improved by therapeutic vaccines if considering the need of less frequent administration as well as their ability to target multiple different culprits in the pathophysiology of hypertension. In this chapter we outline the close “immunity-hypertension” relationship as well as the main efforts conducted so far targeting several antigens like the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system, and calcium channels by immunization and gene therapy. Finally, we discuss safety concerns arising from these new technologies. With the research agenda prioritizing hypertension control, it is not impossible that 1 day an effective vaccine against hypertension might be available.
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