Chapter 48 - Pectoral girdle and upper limb: Overview and surface anatomy

Abstract

A sound knowledge of the surface anatomy of the upper limb is essential for the proficient clinical examination of a patient, and for enabling safe clinical, interventional and surgical procedures. Anatomical and medical imaging based studies continue to refine and redefine the ability to locate key anatomical structures using palpable landmarks/structures and reference planes and lines. Up-to-date descriptions of surface anatomy guide readers in how to locate key anatomical structures via the skin using visualization and palpation.