Abstract
This chapter presents the theory of bending and shear stresses in beams during symmetrical bending. The first step toward the analysis of stress distribution within the beam is to consider the internal reactions caused by the external loading. If the shear forces and bending moments are computed for a number of sections along a beam, a graph can be plotted showing the distribution along the beam giving what is termed a shear force diagram and bending moment diagram. The change in bending moment between any two sections is found from the area under the shear force diagram between those sections. Problems involving combined bending and axial load can be dealt with by superposition of the individual components of stress. There would be a number of reasons of the whole beam not being made from the stronger material such as cost, weight, and size. The positioning of the reinforcement material might not be symmetrical with respect to the centroid of the cross section, and it could be embedded within or fixed in some manner to the outside of the main bulk material.
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