Abstract
This chapter reviews the concepts of deformation and strain. The solution of several statically indeterminate systems depends upon the following three conditions: (1) equilibrium of forces, (2) geometry of deformation, and (3) force–deformation relationships. Deformations may occur in a material for a number of reasons such as external applied loads, change in temperature, tightening of bolts, and irradiation effects. Stress values do not always provide the limiting factor in design, for although a component may be safe and employ material economically with regard to stress, the deformations accompanying that stress might be dangerous or inconvenient. The effect of a force applied to bodies of different size can be compared in terms of stress, that is, the force per unit area. Strain is positive for increase in dimension and negative for a reduction in dimension. Hydrostatic stress causes a change in volume of the material which, if expressed per unit of original volume, gives a volumetric strain denoted by ɛν.
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