Abstract
This chapter discusses the kinetics and thermodynamics of a continuum, introducing concepts such as force, moment, momentum, stress, energy, work, heat, and entropy. Special attention is devoted to developing the fundamental laws (or first principles) of thermomechanics. These include the mechanical conservation laws of mass, linear momentum, and angular momentum, as well as the first law of thermodynamics (or conservation of energy). Each of the fundamental laws is first postulated as a primitive statement (in words), from which we carefully progress to material, integral, and pointwise forms. Both Eulerian (present configuration) and Lagrangian (reference configuration) representations of the fundamental laws are discussed. The chapter concludes with a presentation of the second law of thermodynamics in the form of the Clausius-Duhem inequality.
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