Abstract
The power of mathematical analyses that are brought to bear on large DNA methylation data sets is uncovering previously unknown aspects of aging. By far, the most significant discovery is the specificity by which the methylation status of some cytosine-guanine dinucleotides changes with age. Although changes to DNA methylation state were known to occur with age, it is nevertheless a surprise to behold the remarkable precision of this change and that it can lend itself as a measuring stick of biological age. With it, many surprises have been uncovered, including the uniformity of age from diverse tissues of a body, influences of internal and external factors on aging, and the distinctiveness of epigenetic aging from current understanding of aging. Very rapidly, the epigenetic clock has uncovered many novel aspects of aging and most excitingly it is challenging concepts of aging that we have long held to be correct or complete.
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