Abstract
The biomaterials surface, which may only be a few atomic layers thick, constitutes the important interface between the biomaterials and the external biological environment and plays a key role in the chemical and biological actions in vitro and in vivo. Hence, in order to monitor and fathom the biological performance of biomaterials, the surface properties must be well known. Recently, surface modification of biomaterials has attracted considerable attention as selective surface properties such as cytocompatibility can be altered while desirable bulk properties such as mechanical strength can be retained. In this respect, surface characterization techniques are indispensable in this important and burgeoning research area.
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