Abstract
Biomaterials often exhibit structures at multiple length scales that influence the chemical, physical, mechanical and biological properties of a material. This chapter discusses techniques used to determine these structures: light scattering for the determination of particle sizes ~0.1μm; wide-angle X-ray scattering for analyzing the molecular structure, crystallinity and morphology in the solid state (~1nm); small-angle X-ray scattering for obtaining structural information at mesoscale (10nm) to determine lamellar structure and phase behavior in the solid state, and size and aggregation behavior of particles in solution; and small-angle neutron scattering using molecules labeled with deuterium for the analysis of single chain dimensions, polymer mixtures and solvent diffusion in the solid state.
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