Chapter 4 - Recent trends in the “bottom-up” and “top down” techniques in the synthesis and fabrication of myriad carbonaceous nanomaterials

Abstract

Nanoscience and technology have tremendous applications in various fields due to the distinct properties of nanomaterials. The unique properties such as high surface area, excellent electronic and thermal conductivities, high porosity, sheet and cage formation, and nontoxicity nature make them promising candidates for widespread technological applications including nanobiotechnology field. Among the variety of nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials offer the several advantages for nanobiotechnological applications. The carbon nanotubes, graphene sheets, and carbon nanoparticles have delivered the unique performances. In this chapter, we intend to introduce these carbon nanomaterials in terms of fundamentals, their structure and properties, applications in the nanobiotechnology field. Firstly, we will discuss the brief synthetic methods for the carbon nanomaterials preparation. Secondly, we highlight the various characterization tools by using physicochemical, spectroscopic, analytical, and electrochemical methods. Then, we will present the various applications of the carbon nanomaterials for the nanobiotechnological application fields. Finally, we will summarize the chapter with some outlook and future directions.