Abstract
This chapter discusses various techniques to characterize the properties of optical fibers, their operating principles, and the comparison among techniques. Section 4.2 briefly reviews various types of optical fibers. Section 4.3 discusses the definition of mode-field diameter and techniques to measure near-field and far-field profiles. Section 4.4 introduces operating principle, accuracy considerations, and applications of optical time-domain reflectometers. Section 4.5 discusses ways to measure modal dispersion in multi-mode fibers and chromatic dispersion in single-mode fibers. Sections 4.6 and 4.7 review several techniques for the characterization of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization-dependent loss in optical fibers. Section 4.8 discusses implementations of PMD sources and emulators, which are useful instruments in optical transmission equipment testing and qualification. Section 4.9 reviews various fiber non-linear effects and techniques to characterize them.
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