Chapter 4 - Nanocomposites for enhanced oil recovery

Abstract

In this chapter, the application, relevance, and mechanisms associated with the use of nanocomposites in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are considered. Nano-EOR is a process that is typically employed when producing oil from conventional EOR techniques has been exhausted. The process involves the addition of nanoparticles (NPs) to chemical-based fluids, to improve the EOR performance. NPs dispersed in a polymer matrix—known as polymer nanocomposites—are a rising class of materials that may be preferable for EOR than pure NPs due to their improved rheological properties, better stabilization of emulsions and forms, improved stability and solubility, and more facile transport through porous media. A brief account of EOR, including its various classifications, is given. A review of the prior research, current challenges, and future research opportunities in the application of polymer nanocomposites for EOR is provided. Attention is given to studies of polymer nanocomposites for improving mobility control, interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, changing surface wettability, and for studies on their transport behavior through rocks and porous media. The mechanism that is based on viscosity increase appears to be the most acceptable mechanism in polymer nano-EOR. The use of general nanofluids and surfactant blends is also considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of nanofluids in chemical EOR applications are highlighted. A number of points are highlighted to allow some of the disadvantages to be manipulated/enhanced/resolved into positive effects. Finally, a summary of the field’s major challenges, which must be addressed to successfully implement polymer nanocomposites in EOR applications, is provided.