Abstract
Fossil fuels are playing a major role in fulfilling the global energy demand because of their low cost and easy accessibility. However, the combustion of fossil fuels generates a huge amount of toxic and harmful air pollutants including carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur oxides, causing many environmental issues which have negative effects on the human population. Developing clean and renewable energy sources is thus highly required. Natural energy from the Sun reaching the Earth’s surface is the most abundant and easily available energy source. However, utilizing this energy for different applications is a major challenge. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting using solar energy for the production of hydrogen fuel has significant potential and has attracted enormous interest. Many types of nanomaterials have been utilized for PEC water splitting to generate hydrogen fuel. Among all the nanomaterials, metal oxide semiconductors such as TiO2, ZnO, WO3, and Fe2O3 have attracted tremendous potential. Therefore in this chapter, metal oxide-based semiconductor photocatalysts are discussed by highlighting their performance in PEC water splitting along with their limitations and challenges.
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