Abstract
Microorganisms are source of many industrially important enzymes, proteins, and biochemicals. They require different nutritional and culture conditions for their growth and the production of desired products. Optimization of required parameters using statistical design is an effective time-saving approach. Immobilization methods have been a powerful tool to increase the stability and reusability of biocatalysts. Different methods have been reported to modify and engineer microbes for increased productivity. Use of mutagenesis such as physical, chemical, molecular biology-based site-directed mutagenesis, and directed evolution may help to improve biocatalyst potential (activity, stability, and specificity). Co-culture strategies are also getting attention as approaches in molecular biology (construction of long metabolic pathway and cultivation of nonculturable microbes, etc.) alone are not able to solve many problems. The above techniques can lead to the development of a highly productive biocatalytic system for industrial applications.
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