Chapter 4 - Green synthesized nano-functionalized material

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Nanoparticles have unique and interesting physicochemical and biological properties because of their higher surface area to volume ratio compared with bulk materials. Green approaches are essential because of the increasing growth of the population and industry and their influence on the world's natural resources. The eco-friendly synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a bioreduction technique that needs low energy to commence the reaction, which is an alternative to chemical and physical approaches. The one-step green synthesis of metal nanoparticles was used by several biological materials such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and plant extracts. Using plant extracts, synthesis of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles is a simple method for producing wide-ranging preparations compared with bacterial or fungi-mediated ones. These products are referred to as biogenic nanoparticles. Phytochemicals used to synthesize metal or metal oxide nanoparticles can act as both reducing and capping agents. The excellent properties of green synthesized materials include environmental protection and antibacterial, antioxidant, and biodegradable properties. Such nanomaterials are also used in biomedical diagnostics, catalysis, optical imaging, and biolabeling. Green synthesized nanomaterials are widely investigated for applications in electronic devices. To achieve the sustainability of future technologies, these types of green materials must be used to construct the device.