Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy are analytical techniques that employ the vibrational energies obtained from a sample when it is irradiated by infrared and near-infrared rays. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is the most commonly used method of IR spectroscopy for the analysis of various evidence. It considers fundamental vibrations that are characteristic to the molecule for analysis. NIR uses the information obtained from the overtone and combination bands from a sample. These techniques are therefore useful in forensic science due to their rapid, accurate, and nondestructive analysis of samples. In this chapter, the theory, principle, and instrumentation as well as a brief overview about spectra analysis is given. Also, their use in forensic science for the analysis of samples such as biological samples, inks, questionable documents, explosives, gunshot residue, illicit and counterfeit drugs, bank notes, and paint is discussed.
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