Chapter 4 - Breast cancer detection from mammograms using artificial intelligence

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the fastest-growing forms of cancer in the world today. Breast cancer is primarily found in women, and its frequency has been gaining significantly in the last few years. The key to tackle the rising cases of breast cancer is early detection. Many studies have shown that early detection significantly reduces the mortality rate of those affected. Machine learning and deep learning techniques have been adopted in the present scenario to help detect breast cancer in an early stage. Deep learning models such as the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are suited explicitly to image data and overcome the drawbacks of machine learning models. To improve upon conventional approaches, we apply deep CNNs for automatic feature extraction and classifier building. In this chapter, we have demonstrated thoroughly the use of deep learning models through transfer learning, deep feature extraction, and machine learning models. Computer-aided detection or diagnosis systems have recently been developed to help health-care professionals increase diagnosis accuracy. This chapter presents early breast cancer detection from mammograms using artificial intelligence (AI). Various models have been presented along with an in-depth comparative analysis of the different state-of-the-art architectures, custom CNN networks, and classifiers trained on features extracted from pretrained networks. Our findings have indicated that deep learning models can achieve training accuracies of up to 99%, while both validation and test accuracies up to 96%. We conclude by suggesting various improvements that could be made to existing architectures and how AI techniques could help further improve and help in the early detection of breast cancer.