Abstract
Statistical analyses succinctly demonstrate the significance of a vast amount of data. Selecting the most appropriate statistical method requires an understanding of key assumptions regarding the general categories of statistical tests and determining if the data fits these requirements. Statistics can generally be separated into two main categories: descriptive statistics, which uses indexes (e.g., median, standard deviation, and mean) to summarize large amounts of data and inferential statistics, which are tests that use descriptive statistics to draw inferences about the data. These tests are further separated into parametric and nonparametric methods. In this chapter, we will discuss the most common statistical analyses used in the basic sciences and how to select the appropriate method when analyzing data.
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