Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common primary site of extranodal lymphomas. Between 4% and 20% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas arise in this organ system. The stomach is most often involved, followed by the ileocecal region, the small intestine, and the colon. In a small proportion of cases, multiple portions of the GI tract are involved. Lymphoma also occasionally arises in the hepatobiliary tract, and rarely in the pancreas. The types of lymphomas encountered differ to some extent from those encountered in lymph nodes. In the GI tract there are multiple clues to the pathogenesis of distinct types of lymphoma. Predisposing factors include infection (especially by Helicobacter pylori), celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and a variety of immunodeficiency syndromes, so that the development of different types of lymphoma appears to be related to chronic antigenic stimulation, inadequate immune regulation, or a combination of these factors.
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