Abstract

This chapter focuses on two-beam interferometers. To make measurements using interference, an optical arrangement in which two beams traveling along separate paths are made to interfere is needed. One of these is the reference path, while the other is the test or measurement path. Two methods are commonly used to obtain two beams from a single source—wavefront division and amplitude division. The wavefront division uses apertures to isolate beams from the separate portions of primary wavefront. In amplitude division, two beams are derived from the same portion of the original wavefront. The chapter also describes some common types of two-beam interferometers—the Rayleigh interferometer, the Michelson interferometer, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the Sagnac interferometer.

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