Abstract
Thyroidectomy is the most common endocrine surgical procedure. Surgical indications include nodule(s) causing mass effect, thyroid cancer, and thyrotoxicosis. Preoperative evaluations should include TSH, complete central and lateral neck ultrasonography to rule out metastatic disease, and laryngoscopy in selected patients. Key surgical steps include exposing the central neck, mobilizing the upper and lower poles, individual ligation of vascular structures, gentle dissecting of parathyroids, and recurrent laryngeal nerve identification and preservation. Thyroidectomy is a safe procedure in the hands of high-volume endocrine surgeons, but it carries inherent rare but serious risks: hematoma, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypoparathyroidism.
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