Abstract
This chapter provides the basic concepts, definitions, and related terms concerning statistics to researchers who are employing statistical methods in planning, collecting data, and data analysis to reach smart conclusions within a short period and with minimal cost and effort. The concept of statistics, including descriptive and inferential statistics, is covered, with the concept of population, sample, and the concept of data as well. Furthermore, the definition of random variables, such as qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete, and continuous variables, are given. Moreover, sampling methods such as cluster sampling, simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling for gathering data are described. Various examples are given to clarify the definitions and concepts.
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