Abstract

In this chapter, we address the various electron microscopy possibilities for the investigation of cultural heritage materials through selected examples. After some historical considerations (Section 1) and a brief presentation of the basic principles of electron/matter interaction (Section 2), we introduce the most well-known device namely the scanning electron microscope by exhibiting its main analytical skills (Section 3). The following paragraphs are dedicated to transmission electron microscopy (Section 4) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (Section 5), two sets of techniques, which are still seldom used in the cultural heritage material field despite their high potential. Transmission electron microscopy is one of the best analytical techniques to characterize the material up to the atomic scale and more and more studies concerning the ancient materials are taking advantage of it as highlighted in the last two paragraphs.

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