Abstract
NPs and nanostructured materials (NSMs) are available from different sources having different properties. Biological systems often feature natural, functional NMs. The structure of foraminifera (mainly chalk) and viruses (protein, capsid); the wax crystals covering a leaf; spider, and spider-mite silk; the blue hue of tarantulas; the “spatula” on the bottom of gecko feet; some butterfly wing scales, natural colloids, horny materials; and even our own bone matrix are all natural organic NMs. In addition, the synthesis of NPs and NSMs represents an active area of research and a techno-economic sector with full expansion in many application domains. This chapter briefly covers sources and properties of NPs and NSMs.
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