Abstract
Sandy mass-transport deposits (SMTDs), with particle or grain (>0.06 mm: sand and gravel) concentration value of 20% and above by volume, can be recognized in conventional cores and outcrops. SMTDs, composed of sandy slides, sandy slumps, and sandy debrites, are common in both modern deepwater environments and in ancient rock records. Sandy slides exhibit (1) primary planar glide planes, (2) basal shear zones, (3) sand injections, (4) internal secondary glide planes, and (5) sharp upper contacts. Sandy slumps show (1) primary concave-up glide planes, (2) slump folds, and (3) deformed units interbedded with undeformed layers. Sandy debrites comprise (1) thick amalgamated massive sands, (2) sharp basal contacts, (3) inverse grading, (4) floating quartz granules and mudstone clasts, (5) planar and random clast fabrics, and (6) sharp and irregular upper contacts. However, there are no objective seismic criteria for distinguishing sandy slides, sandy slumps, and sandy debrites from one another. Petroleum-producing SMTDs have been documented from the Bay of Bengal, West African margin, North Sea, offshore Mid-Norway, Gulf of Mexico, California, and Brazil.
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