Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn’s disease, can affect any location of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The endoscopic features of IBD are largely not specific. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IBD should be based on a combined assessment of clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and imaging features. It is important to recognize and identify the anatomy and landmarks in healthy individuals. There are variations in mucosal structures at different locations of the GI tract, for example, the height of villi in the duodenum and in the terminal ileum. Certain normal endoscopic features may overlap with that seen in IBD, such as granular or nodular mucosa in the duodenum bulb and lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum. This chapter highlights endoscopic features in the normal GI tract and their common variations in IBD and non-IBD conditions.
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