Abstract
Patients with cancer and those who are immunocompromised are subject to a wide number of neurological emergencies that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Cancer patients frequently present with complications that may be directly tumor-related, secondary to systemic effects, or iatrogenic. Immunosuppression is common in cancer patients and may result from various mechanisms, including neutropenia, impaired cellular or humoral immunity, and immunosuppressive therapies. Additionally, the immunocompromised population includes patients with primary immune deficiencies as well as secondary causes that include advanced age, metabolic conditions, human immunodeficiency virus, and chronic disorders, among others. In this chapter, we review the relevant imaging characteristics of neurological emergencies that may occur in patients with cancer and immunocompromised conditions.
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