Chapter 3 - Mechanism of structural and functional coordination between enzymes and nonstructural cues

Abstract

Nanobiocatalysts are being prepared by the coordination of enzyme with suitable nanostructured material. The use of enzymes has few limitations such as challenging separation, purification, high production cost, and its deactivation under stressful situations. These kinds of drawbacks can be overcome by designing nanobiocatalysts. However, the synthesis of nanobiocatalysts requires appropriate physical, chemical, and biological coordination between enzyme and nonstructural material. Currently, new strategies have been established for the development of nanobiocatalysts, which have upgraded the performance of enzymes up to the mark. In recent researches, advance techniques are being developed for the integration of biocatalysts on the nonstructural cues. Immobilized enzymes show many additional characteristics which they do not have in their pure form. Immobilized enzyme's recovery, reusability, and access to its activation and deactivation have made this field very effective in the upcoming years. In this chapter, details about recent different material of nanostructures such as nanoporous carriers, nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, hybrid nanoflowers, nonmagnetic and magnetic nanoparticles, and nanocomposites as support materials are being discussed. In addition, various strategies are being discussed for the synthesis and functionalization of nanobiocatalysts.