Abstract
The central dogma of molecular biology is that DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes proteins. This process is called gene expression, and the genetic information is used within a cell to produce the proteins needed for the cell to function. More specifically, the information for making proteins resides in the sequence of bases in the DNA. Converting the information contained in genes into proteins is a nucleic acid-based cellular activity. Gene expression involves two complex processes—transcription and translation. The process of making RNA from DNA is transcription, a process of RNA biosynthesis. It is the first step in gene expression, and it is a vital control point in the expression of genes and the production of proteins. In this chapter, we discuss the process of transcription and the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Different types of noncoding RNA are also discussed in this chapter.
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