Abstract
This chapter focuses on feedback circuits. An amplifier with an input that includes some of its output is a feedback amplifier. This kind of amplifier can improve control of the output. If the actual output is compared with the desired output, an error can be constructed and used to correct the output. Feedback is analogous to recursion in mathematics and to iterative loops that branch backward in software. This chapter presents a block diagram representation of a classical feedback system. One of the difficulties of feedback circuit analysis is in identifying the forward and feedback paths, the summer, and the output pick-off point. Circuits often consist of components connected in messy topologies that are hard to compare with the simple feedback forms. The circuits closest to ideal block or flow-graph representation are operational amplifier circuits. An amplifier is operational when its behavior is dominated by feedback path components instead of forward path gain. A feedback path can be as simple as a divider composed of resistors.
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