Abstract
Chapter 3 contains nine examples of thermo-ecological cost (TEC) analysis in practice. In Example 1 the TEC of hard coal is calculated considering various types of end-users and various conditions during coal mining. Example 2 compares the TEC of electric energy produced from renewable energy sources such as biogas, solar energy and wind. In Example 3, electric energy produced in a nuclear power plant is analyzed with the inclusion of the whole life cycle of nuclear fuel. Example 4 focuses on biomass-to-biofuel production systems; the TEC of Fischer–Tropsch fuels, methanol, hydrogen and synthetic natural gas are determined. In Example 5, TEC methodology is used to assess a cogeneration unit based on biomass gasification. Example 6 explains how to perform a thermo-ecological assessment of a production process (in this case a combined cold-heat-and-power plant), which utilizes a mix of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Example 7 presents a thermo-ecological analysis of the utilization of cryogenic exergy of liquefied natural gas in a Stirling engine. Example 8 is an example of thermo-ecological analysis in iron metallurgy. In Example 9, an oxy-fuel combustion process is analyzed using TEC methodology.
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