Abstract

This chapter defines the event-related potentials (ERPs), which are an important aspect of brain functioning. This electrical brain response is measured by ERPs. ERPs are obtained by simple averaging of all EEG epochs in many sequentially presented trials in a single subject and for a single electrode. Consequently, ERPs can be considered as voltage deflections, generated by cortical neurons that are time-locked to specific events and associated with stages of information flow in specific cortical areas. The guidelines for the use of ERPs in clinical research are presented in a recent paper by a group of distinguished researchers in the field. The methodological issues emphasized in the paper are as follows: minimizing eye movements to get a signal-to-noise ratio as high as possible, and measuring components defined as “the contribution of the recorded waveform of a particular generator process, such as the activation of a localized area of cerebral cortex by a specific pattern of input.”

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