Abstract
Nonpathogenic microorganisms called endophytes live in the tissues of living plants. Endophytic fungi are of agronomic significance due to their synergistic association with plants and their capacity to regulate growth. Due to the synthesis of phytohormones, endophytic fungi not only function as biostimulants and biofertilizers but also as biocontrol agents against a variety of diseases. The importance of synergistic endophytic fungus has grown for enhancing plants’ ability to respond to abiotic and biotic stressors in the fast evolving climate change scenario and growing worldwide concern for producing sustainable agriculture. Additionally, endophytic fungi's abilities to promote plant development may lessen the need for fertilizers and other agrochemicals, which would lessen the environmental impact. Endophytic fungi promote plant growth either directly through the synthesis of phytohormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, etc.) and nutrient acquisition (Na, K, Ca, and P), or indirectly through the production of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites as well as the induction of systemic resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. In this book chapter, we have placed a special emphasis on the potential advantages of endophytic fungi's phytohormone for the development of sustainable agriculture.
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