Abstract
This chapter highlights the digital elevation models (DEMs), their generation, grid types, resolution, and interpolation. A DTM is a two-dimensional discrete function of a morphometric variable, which defines the topographic surface as a set of values measured or computed at the grid nodes. Among DTMs are DEMs, digital models of slope gradient, horizontal curvatures, catchment area, and other topographic attributes. DEMs can be generated by various field, remote, and laboratory techniques: conventional topographic surveys, kinematic GPS surveys, analogue, radar techniques, laser surveys, and digitizing of contours. DEMs of stratigraphic surfaces are also compiled using data obtained by various techniques, such as 3D seismic survey, geological boring, and other available geological sources. The selection of a technique to produce a DEM for soil and geological research depends on several factors, such as the size of the study area, required accuracy and resolution of the DEM, accuracy and resolution of other maps and materials as well as the cost of the DEM generation.
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