Abstract
This chapter reviews a few major examples of cytokine receptor heterogeneity that alter disease susceptibility in man. These findings have provided important insights into disease pathogenesis and have pointed to new therapeutic targets. Cytokine receptors are clear pharmaceutical target that are utilized for therapeutic intervention in a variety of infectious, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Because of their cell surface location and structural properties many of these receptors are very amenable to specific blockade by orally active compounds, that is, they are very druggable. Many of the cytokine receptors exhibit mutations or polymorphisms that may affect the response to or complications from such therapies. As genotyping and DNA sequencing become less expensive, it may be possible to determine each individual's genomic profile to identify propensity to various diseases and likely reactions to treatments allowing custom-tailored therapy and personalized medicine. In addition, cytokine or cytokine receptor-based biomarkers like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF receptor levels may help to monitor the response to treatment. Concepts related to chemokine receptors are discussed in the chapter. Details about TNF receptors and interferon receptors are given.
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