Abstract
Chemical species refers to the specific form of an element. Compounds with different isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and various complexed states can be all regarded as distinct chemical species. Speciation analysis plays a crucial role in investigating migration and transformation of environmental pollutants and environmental toxicology. But speciation analysis is complex, and it is difficult to apply a single analytical method to all situations. This chapter introduces the concepts of speciation analysis and its significance in environmental research. In addition to the basic concepts, sample collection and storage and electrochemical, spectral, and mass spectrometric techniques for speciation analysis are covered. Furthermore, speciation analysis of various elements, including chromium, mercury, selenium, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and tin, are presented.
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